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非移民ビザの配偶者(NIV配偶者)が米国でソーシャルセキュリティーナンバーを申請する場合

非移民ビザは、就労、就学、観光、家族訪問などの特定の目的で米国に入国することを許可する一時的なビザである。非移民ビザの中には、ビザ保持者の配偶者が米国で就労できるものもあれば、そうでないものもあります。配偶者の非移民ビザ・カテゴリーが就労を許可している場合、配偶者は米国移民局(USCIS)に雇用許可文書(EAD)を申請することができます。
EADによって有効な就労許可が得られれば、NIVの配偶者が米国で就労する意思があり、就労と課税の目的でSSNが必要な場合、ソーシャル・セキュリティー・ナンバー(SSN)を申請することができます。

NIV配偶者のビザ・カテゴリーが就労を許可していない場合は、EADを申請する資格も就労に基づくSSNを取得する資格もないかもしれません。しかし、州や地域の規制によっては、銀行口座の開設や運転免許証の取得など、その他の目的でSSNを取得できる場合があります。

以下は一般的な非移民ビザのカテゴリーで、扶養家族がSSNを取得できる可能性のあるカテゴリーです:

NIVの配偶者が必要な就労許可を取得したら、最寄りの社会保障庁(SSA)事務所に直接出向く必要があります。必要書類をすべて持参することが重要です。

具体的に必要な書類は様々ですが、一般的には以下のものが必要です:

記入済みのフォームSS-5と必要書類をSSA事務所に提出する。窓口の職員が申請書と書類を確認し、書類の原本または認証されたコピーの提出を求められることがあります。SSAによる処理時間は様々ですが(通常2~6週間以内)、申請が承認されるとソーシャル・セキュリティー・カードが郵送されます。

非移民ビザ保持者のSSN取得資格は、特定のビザカテゴリー、雇用許可規則、米国移民政策の変更によって異なることにご注意ください。また、非移民ビザの扶養家族としてSSNを取得するための資格基準を理解し、必要な申請書の作成と提出をサポートし、発生する可能性のある法的課題にも対処します。

Nonimmigrant visas are temporary visas that allow individuals to come to the U.S. for specific purposes, such as work, study, tourism, or family visits. Some nonimmigrant visa categories allow spouses of visa holders to work in the U.S., while others do not. If the nonimmigrant visa category of the spouse allows for employment, the spouse may apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
With valid employment authorization through the EAD, the NIV spouse can then apply for a Social Security Number (SSN) if they intend to work in the U.S. and need an SSN for employment and taxation purposes.

If the NIV spouse’s visa category does not allow for employment, they may not be eligible to apply for an EAD or obtain an SSN based on employment. However, they might still be able to get an SSN for other purposes, such as opening a bank account or obtaining a driver’s license, depending on state and local regulations.

Here are some common nonimmigrant visa categories whose dependents may be eligible for an SSN:

• H-4 Visa Dependents: H-4 visas are issued to the spouses and unmarried children under 21 years of age of H-1B visa holders (temporary skilled workers).

• L-2 Visa Dependents: L-2 visas are for the spouses and unmarried children under 21 years of age of L-1 visa holders (intracompany transferees). Please note that new regulations allow L-2 dependents (L-2S category) to work and obtain a social security number without the need for obtaining an EAD, although the L-2S may obtain an EAD, it’s not required.

• E-1/E-2 Visa Dependents: E-2 visas are for treaty investors and their dependents. Dependents of E-1/E-2 Visa holders who have employment authorization (EAD) can apply for an SSN. Please note that new regulations allow E-1/2 dependents (E-1S or E-2S category) to work and obtain a social security number without the need for obtaining an EAD, although the E-1S and E-2S may obtain an EAD, it’s not required.

• J-2 Visa Dependents: J-2 visas are for the spouses and dependents of exchange visitors (J-1 visa holders). J-2 visa holders may be eligible for employment authorization under certain circumstances, such as when the J-1 visa holder is a participant in a specific type of exchange program. If a J-2 dependent has an EAD, they can apply for an SSN.

• F-2 Visa Dependents: F-2 visas are for the spouses and minor children of F-1 visa holders (international students). F-2 dependents are generally not eligible for employment authorization and may have restrictions on obtaining an SSN for employment purposes. However, some states may allow F-2 dependents to obtain an SSN for other purposes, such as opening bank accounts or obtaining a driver’s license.

Once the NIV spouse has obtained the necessary employment authorization, they should visit a local Social Security Administration (SSA) office in person. It’s important to bring all required documents with them.

The specific documents required may vary, but generally, you will need to provide the following:

• A valid passport with the NIV spouse’s nonimmigrant visa and I-94 Arrival/Departure Record.
• The NIV spouse’s Employment Authorization Document (EAD) issued by USCIS.
• Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card (this can usually be obtained at the SSA office or downloaded from their website).
• Proof of age and identity, such as a birth certificate or other official documentation.

After submitting the completed Form SS-5 and the required documents at the SSA office. The staff at the office will review your application and documents, and you may be required to provide original documents or certified copies. The processing time by the SSA can vary (usually processed within two to six weeks), but you should receive your Social Security card in the mail once the application is approved.

It’s important to note that eligibility for an SSN for nonimmigrant visa dependents depends on the specific visa category, the employment authorization rules, and any changes in U.S. immigration policies that may have occurred, at SWLG we can provide you guidance on visa options, employment authorization, and related issues. We also help you understand the eligibility criteria for obtaining an SSN as a dependent on a nonimmigrant visa, assist with preparing and submitting necessary applications, and address any legal challenges that may arise.

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